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Basic ElectronicsBY: JitendraC | Category: Technology | Post Date: 2009-01-13
Basic Electronics Size of Radio, Television and Telephone reduced drastically in last 3 decades and now we can use mobile as a four in one or five in one device. (Ex. Radio, Phone, Camera, Television, Palmtop) Introduction Electronics -A branch of science which study flow of electroncs through Gas, Vacuum or Semiconductor is known as Electronics-. Semiconductor materials have conductivity between the conductor and insulators. Examples of Conductors- 1. Copper 2. Silver 3. Gold Examples of Insulators 1. Plastic 2. Asbestos 3. Bakelite Electronics deals with electronic devices. All electronic devices are becoming gadgets and size of these devices is reducing day by day. Functions of Elecronic Devices i) Rectification ii) Amplification iii) Control iv) Generation v) Conversion of Light to electricity - Solar Panel, Fiber Optics vi) Conversion of Electricity to light - Laser, TV The Electron - Since electronics deals with tiny particles claaed electrons, therefore these small particles require study of electrons, i.e. negatively charged particle. Imp. Properties of electron are - i) Charge of Electron - e = 1.602 x 10-19 Coulombs ii) Mass of Electron - m = 9.0 x 10-31 Kg. iii) Radius of Electron - r = 1.9 x 10-15 Meter Energy of Electron An electron moving round the nucleus process two types of energies viz. kinetic due to motion and potential energy due to charge on nucleus. The total charge is sum of these two energies. Valence Electron The valance electron which are very loosely attached to the nucleus are known as free Electrons. Voltage Source The device produces continuous voltage is known as voltage source. Two types - 1) Direct Voltage Source - DC Voltage( Ex. Battery or rectified Output) 2) Alternative Voltage - AC Voltage Depending on type of value of voltage or current there are two types - 1) Constant Voltage 2) Constant Current Electronic Components Basically there are five types Three passive and two Active Maximum Power Transfer -Maximum power is transferred from a source to a load when the load resistance is made equal to internal resistance of the source.- I= E______ RL + Ri Pmax = I2 RL RL = Ri Thevinins Theorem Any two terminal network containing a number of e.m.f. sources and resistances can be replaced by an equivalent series circuit having voltage source Eg. Chasis and Ground It is usual practice to mount the electronic components on a metal base called chasis. It is customary to efer to the chasis as ground. It is a good practice to connect all grounded points to a metal cabinet by wire to avoid interference and noise. Electron Emission The liberation of electron from metal surface is known as electron emission. The amount of additional energy required to emit an electron from a metallic surface is known as work function of a metal. Types of Electronic Emissions 1. Thermionic Emission 2. Field emission 3. Photo Electric Emission 4. Secondary Emission Intrinsic Semiconductor A semisonductor which is extremely pure is known as an Intrinsic Semiconductor. Extrinsic Semiconductor TO increase current capacity of intrinsic semiconductor a impurity is added and then it is called extrinsic semiconductor. Types - 1) n Type 2) p Type pn Junction When a p type semiconductor is suitably joined to n type conductor the contact surface is called pn junction. Biasing of pn Junction It can be biased in two ways. i) Forward Biased ii) Reversed Biased (P to positive and n to negative) (P to negative and n to positive) Break Down Voltage It is a reverse voltage of which pn junction breaks down with sudden rise in reverse current. Knee Voltage It is forward voltage of which the current throught junction starts increasing rapidly. Limitations of Operating pn junction 1) Max Forward Current 2) Peak Inverse Voltage 3) Max Power rating Article Source: http://www.writearticles.org About Author / Additional Info: Author is a Visiting faculty for Engg. and Management Additional Articles: * What's your EQ?: Women may have more emotional intelligence than men * Galileo Thermometers are in which Functionality Merges with Beauty * Avatar vs. Titanic: Two Great Movies of Our Generation * Treatment for Ringworm-Natural Remedies in the Comforts of Your Home * A Few Key Steps for Cutting Down on Bad Debt Does this article violate or infringe on your copyright ? It is a violation of our terms for authors to submit content which they did not write and claim it as their own. If this article infringes on your copyrights, then use our Contact us form with the detailed proof of infringement along with the offending article's title, URL and writer name. If you do not hear back from us then contact us again in another 10 days. Thank you. Comments on this article: (0 comments so far) * Additional comments are now closed for this article *
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